İlk yazım İngilizce olacak, kusuruma bakmayın.. Aşağıya yakın zamanda özene bezene, ilginç bilgilere dayanarak yazdığım kompozisyonumun avcı-toplayıcılarla alakalı kısmını koyuyorum.. Özellikle "reciprocal altruism" (karşılıklı fedakarlık) ile ilgili bölüme dikkat!..
The first ancestors of the human kind lived in a hunter-gatherer society, as far as we know. Today there are very few people who continue to live as hunter-gatherers, but hunter-gatherer way of life will probably become extinct in the whole world in the near future. In the hunting-gathering era, also called The Environment of Evolutionary Adaptiveness, people did not have farms or domesticated animals. Their mere existence depended on foraging and hunting. They hunted wild animals, and collected wild plants to eat. They lived in societies, which are small, nomadic, kin-based bands usually composed of 50 to 100 people. This society was actually like an extended family. Simple technology, i.e. tools made from stones and bones, was used by hunter-gatherers. Thus they were technically the most primitive society ever. However, they were also the most egalitarian society. Egalitarianism was achieved as a result of the cooperation between the members of the society. In a hunting-gathering society, reciprocal altruism was like an informal social contract among the members. Reciprocal altruism is the form of altruism, in which a band member receives a benefit from another member, and this other member expects a benefit, in the future, in return. For instance, a band member could share the bear he hunted with other members of the band who did not have much to eat. When this person did not have enough food, he could share the food of another band member who had a successful hunt. The members who did not follow this informal rule were kept out of the social solidarity of the band. Reciprocal altruism worked best in these small bands, because each person depended on every other person of the society to satisfy their basic needs (such as food, water, protection). These hunter-gatherers probably had emotions similar to us, modern people, including selfishness and arrogance. But we live in very large societies compared to their societies, and not every member of our society depends on every other member in terms of basic needs. Also all band members probably knew each other, but we don’t know every member of our society (our state). Hence, “small is beautiful”.
Daha fazla bilgi için aşağıdaki linkler önerilir (sonuncusu çok alakalı olmasa da ilgimi çekti):
Karşılıklı fedakarlık hakkında Wiki'den özet bilgi
Hunter-gatherer (Wiki'den)
Avcı-toplayıcılar (About:Archaeology)
Innovation and Principle of Reciprocal Altruism (olayı CEO'lara falan bağlamış)
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